
The best way to
start the literature review is to think of the broadest category of your
variables and work down to the most narrow. Let's say that you are interested
in older adults and their opinion of their health care provider (one of my own
research interests). You would want to start with aging and the elderly,
providing demographics, what constitutes "elderly," and discussing
the importance of the age group. Then move to elderly and health care, showing
why this is an important topic. Next, the elderly and their health care
provider. Since this is the most narrow category and the key area of interest,
you will want to discuss this in more depth. Particularly addressing how this
area has been examined methodologically. This study is a mixed method one, so
you will administer some surveys as well as interview participants. So next,
you will discuss each of the survey instruments, examining their previous use
with the age group, and in the context of health care. If anyone has examined
the relationship of the surveys with health care providers, you will want to
include this too.
Here is the
starting outline for the chapter, and my notes:
A. Introduction
B. Search Strategy
C. Theories
1. Theory A
2. Theory B
D. Concepts/
philosophy (if appropriate)
1. Info on mixed methods,
philosophy behind it
E. Literature
Review
1.
Aging and the elderly, include demographics
2.
Elderly and health care, why do we care about topic?
3.
Elderly and their health care provider
a.
Include methods used previously
b. Previous findings
c. What is missing from previous
research?
d. What does my study add?
4.
Survey instruments
a. Survey A
1. Used
with my age group?
2. Used
in health care research?
3. Used
in health care providers research?
b. Survey B
1. Used
with my age group?
2. Used
in health care research?
3. Used
in health care providers research
F. Summary and
Conclusions
You will refine
this as you search the literature and bring in related areas; but to begin the
chapter you now have some direction. Pick a topic and start writing about it.
Use your research journal to keep track of your starting outline and any notes
to yourself as you go. I am a big fan of track changes and including comments
to myself as I write (e.g., "find more about this topic," or
"check Smith et al. paper- did they say this too?").
I have a tendency
to find interesting but tangential literature that can lead me far from my
topic; the outline keeps bringing me back to task. Think of it as a map of
where you are planning to go.
I recommend adding
in your references as you go, otherwise, you will spend several long
frustrating hours later trying to track them down. Prevent plagiarism by never
copying into your paper. Instead, read the passage you are interested in, and
restate it in your own words (including your own old papers). You want to avoid
quotes, saying it in your own words is always better.
Next time, we'll
consider the lonely task of writing. Do
you have an issue or a question that you would like me to discuss in a future
post? Send me an email with your ideas. leann.stadtlander@waldenu.edu
If you would like to
see how the study outlined above looks in journal form (shorter literature
review than for a dissertation) see:
Stadtlander, L., Giles, M.,
Sickel, A., Brooks, E., Brown, C., Cormell, M., Ewing, L., Hart, D., Koons, D.,
Olson, C., Parker, P., Semenova, V., & Stoneking, S. (2013). Independent
Living Oldest-Old and Their Primary Health Provider: A Mixed Method Examination
of the Influence of Patient Personality Characteristics. Journal of Applied Gerontology. (Available in Walden Library's
Psychology/ Sage database)